What Subjects Are in +2 Science in Nepal? Full List for Class 11 and 12

Last updated: May 15, 2026

In +2 Science in Nepal, there are 3 compulsory subjects, English, Nepali, and Social Studies and Life Skills Education. The 3 optional subjects are Physics, Chemistry, and either Biology or Mathematics, depending on the group you choose. Computer Science is also available as an additional optional subject at many colleges.

This guide covers every subject in class 11 and class 12, what each subject covers, the exam structure, and how marks are divided.

You can use our SEE GPA calculator to confirm your GPA meets the Science stream minimum requirement.

What Is the Minimum GPA to Join +2 Science in Nepal?

To join +2 Science stream, you need a minimum overall GPA of 2.0 in SEE. You also need at least C plus grade in both Science and Mathematics in SEE, and D plus in English, Nepali, and Social Studies.

Many competitive private Science colleges set higher cutoffs of 2.8 GPA or above. Government and regular colleges generally admit students at the NEB minimum of 2.0.

If your GPA is between 1.6 and 2.0, Science stream is not available at the national minimum. Management and Humanities are the suitable options. For more details on choosing the right stream based on your GPA, you can read our guide on which stream is best after SEE in Nepal.

How Many Subjects Are in +2 Science?

A Science student studies 6 subjects in both class 11 and class 12. Three are compulsory and three are optional. If your college offers Computer Science as an additional optional, you may study 7 subjects.

Each subject carries 100 marks. Three compulsory subjects equal 300 marks. Three optional subjects equal 300 marks. Total marks for class 11 or class 12 are 600 marks for standard enrollment or 700 marks if you take an additional optional.

Your +2 GPA is calculated from all subjects combined including compulsory ones. Every subject matters for your final GPA whether it is English or Physics.

Compulsory Subjects in +2 Science Class 11 and Class 12

The three compulsory subjects are the same for all +2 streams including Science. Every student in Nepal studying class 11 and 12 under NEB must take these subjects regardless of their optional choices.

Compulsory English is 100 marks total. Theory exam is 75 marks and internal assessment is 25 marks. English covers reading comprehension, writing skills, grammar, and literature. For Science students, strong English is important because Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics textbooks and reference materials are all in English. Your ability to read and understand technical English directly affects how well you understand your Science subjects.

Compulsory Nepali is 100 marks total. Theory is 75 marks and internal assessment is 25 marks. Nepali covers language skills, grammar, literature, and creative writing in Nepali language. This subject is the same across all streams.

Social Studies and Life Skills Education is 100 marks total in class 11. Theory is 75 marks and internal assessment is 25 marks. This subject covers social issues, civic knowledge, human rights, and practical life skills. In class 12, this is replaced by Life Skill Education which has a similar structure but updated content. This is the one difference between class 11 and class 12 compulsory subjects.

These three compulsory subjects together carry 300 marks. Many Science students underestimate their importance because they are focused on Physics, Chemistry, and Biology or Mathematics. But weak performance in English or Nepali pulls your overall GPA down just as much as a weak grade in a Science subject.

Optional Subjects in +2 Science Class 11 and Class 12

Science stream students choose their optional subjects from the Science group. Physics and Chemistry are compulsory for all Science students. The third optional is either Biology or Mathematics depending on which group you choose. Computer Science is available as an additional fourth optional at many colleges.

Physics Subjects in +2 Science Class 11

Physics is the first core optional subject and is compulsory for all Science stream students. There is no Science stream without Physics.

Class 11 Physics is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 11 Physics topics cover five main areas. Mechanics covers kinematics, Newton’s laws of motion, work energy and power, rotational motion, gravitation, elasticity, and fluid mechanics. Heat and Thermodynamics covers temperature, gas laws, heat transfer, and the laws of thermodynamics. Wave and Optics covers wave motion, sound waves, reflection, refraction, lenses, and mirrors. Electricity and Magnetism covers electric charges, circuits, Ohm’s law, and magnetic effects of current. Modern Physics covers the photoelectric effect, atomic models, and basic radioactivity.

Physics is the most mathematically demanding Science subject. Students who find the mathematical approach to Physical problems challenging often struggle throughout +2 Science. If you do not genuinely enjoy solving problems with formulas and equations, Physics will be a difficult two years.

Physics Subjects in +2 Science Class 12

Class 12 Physics builds directly on class 11 content and goes significantly deeper in every topic area.

Class 12 Physics is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 12 Physics covers Rotational Dynamics in greater depth, Periodic Motion and Waves, Thermodynamics at a higher level, Geometrical Optics and Physical Optics, Current Electricity and Magnetic Field, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Currents, Modern Physics covering nuclear physics, particle physics, and semiconductor devices, and Computational Physics as an applied topic.

Class 12 Physics questions directly appear in the IOE Engineering entrance exam. For students aiming for IOE, Physics is one of the four subjects in the entrance exam alongside Chemistry, Mathematics, and English. Consistent and thorough preparation in class 12 Physics is essential for IOE success.

Chemistry Subjects in +2 Science Class 11

Chemistry is the second core optional and is compulsory for all Science stream students alongside Physics.

Class 11 Chemistry is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 11 Chemistry covers three broad areas. Physical Chemistry covers states of matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Inorganic Chemistry covers the periodic table, hydrogen, water, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and properties of metals. Organic Chemistry covers the introduction to organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, and basic functional group compounds.

Chemistry practical work involves wet lab experiments including titrations, qualitative analysis of salts, preparation of organic compounds, and measurement exercises. Taking practical sessions seriously throughout the year directly protects your 25 internal marks.

Chemistry Subjects in +2 Science Class 12

Class 12 Chemistry goes deeper into all three areas introduced in class 11.

Class 12 Chemistry is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 12 Chemistry covers Volumetric Analysis and Gravimetric Analysis in Physical Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry covers transition metals, coordination compounds, and industrial chemistry. Organic Chemistry covers alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, biomolecules including carbohydrates and proteins, polymers, and drugs and medicines.

Organic Chemistry in class 12 is the most important section for students appearing in the MECEE-BL medical entrance exam. It carries 17 out of 50 Chemistry marks in MECEE-BL. For students aiming for MBBS, mastering class 12 Organic Chemistry is not optional.

Biology Subjects in +2 Science Class 11 (Biology Group)

Biology is the third core optional for students in the Biology group. If you choose Biology, you are choosing the path toward MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Biological Sciences.

Class 11 Biology is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 11 Biology is divided equally between Botany and Zoology. Botany covers cell biology, biomolecules including carbohydrates proteins and lipids, plant diversity from viruses and bacteria through bryophytes and pteridophytes to gymnosperms and angiosperms, ecology and environment, and plant physiology including photosynthesis and transpiration. Zoology covers animal diversity from Protozoa through all major invertebrate and vertebrate phyla, human biology covering the digestive respiratory circulatory excretory and nervous systems, genetics including DNA structure and Mendelian inheritance, and evolutionary biology.

Biology practical work includes microscopy, specimen identification, biological drawing, and basic dissection exercises. Strong diagram drawing skills are very important in Biology practical assessment.

For students aiming for MECEE-BL MBBS entrance, Biology is the most important subject. It carries 80 out of 200 marks in MECEE-BL compared to 50 each for Chemistry and Physics. You can read our full guide on CEE syllabus 2026 Nepal for the complete MECEE-BL subject breakdown.

Biology Subjects in +2 Science Class 12 (Biology Group)

Class 12 Biology builds on class 11 content and introduces more advanced topics in both Botany and Zoology.

Class 12 Biology is 100 marks total. External written exam is 75 marks and practical is 25 marks.

Class 12 Botany covers biodiversity in greater depth including economic importance of plants and medicinal plants of Nepal, plant anatomy covering tissue types and vascular systems, plant physiology covering water relations and growth regulators, genetics and molecular biology covering DNA replication and transcription, and applied Botany covering biotechnology and tissue culture.

Class 12 Zoology covers advanced human physiology covering all major body systems in greater depth, microbiology covering bacteria and viruses, immunology, animal behavior, environmental biology, and applied Zoology covering medical technology and conservation biology.

Class 12 Biology practical work includes more advanced microscopy, detailed dissection, enzyme activity experiments, and ecological field studies at some colleges.

Mathematics Subjects in +2 Science Class 11 (Mathematics Group)

Mathematics is the third core optional for students in the Mathematics group. If you choose Mathematics, you are choosing the path toward Engineering, IT, and Physical Sciences.

Class 11 Mathematics is 100 marks total. It is entirely theory with no separate practical component.

Class 11 Mathematics covers Algebra including sets, relations, functions, and complex numbers. Trigonometry covers compound angles, multiple angles, and inverse trigonometric functions. Analytic Geometry covers straight lines, pairs of lines, circles, and conic sections. Calculus introduces limits, continuity, derivatives, and basic integration. Vectors covers basic vector operations and applications. Statistics covers measures of central tendency and dispersion. Probability covers basic probability theory. Computational Mathematics covers basic programming logic at some colleges.

The jump from SEE Mathematics to class 11 Mathematics is one of the most significant difficulty increases in Nepal’s school system. Students who found SEE Maths difficult but are choosing Mathematics group for Engineering should be fully aware of this gap before committing.

Mathematics Subjects in +2 Science Class 12 (Mathematics Group)

Class 12 Mathematics continues from class 11 and goes significantly deeper particularly in Calculus and Algebra.

Class 12 Mathematics is 100 marks total. It is entirely theory with no separate practical component.

Class 12 Mathematics covers further Algebra including polynomial equations and matrix algebra. Analytic Geometry in 3 dimensions. Trigonometry applications. Advanced Calculus covering integration techniques, differential equations, and applications of derivatives. Vectors in 3 dimensions. Complex Numbers in greater depth. Linear Programming. Computational Mathematics.

For students appearing in the IOE Engineering entrance exam, Mathematics carries 50 out of 200 marks. It is the highest-weighted subject in the IOE exam. Thorough mastery of both class 11 and class 12 Mathematics is essential for a strong IOE score.

Computer Science as Optional Subject in +2 Science

Computer Science is available as an additional optional subject at many Science colleges in Nepal. It is not compulsory. Students who want a head start in programming and IT concepts often choose Computer Science as a fourth optional alongside Physics, Chemistry, and Biology or Mathematics.

Class 11 Computer Science covers computer fundamentals, number systems, Boolean algebra, programming in C language, data structures, operating systems basics, and networking fundamentals. Class 12 Computer Science covers advanced C programming, object-oriented programming concepts, database management, web technology basics, and computer graphics fundamentals.

Computer Science has a 50 percent theory and 50 percent practical split unlike other Science subjects which are 75 percent theory and 25 percent practical. This means programming practical skills are weighted equally with theory knowledge in the assessment.

Not all colleges offer Computer Science. Check your preferred college before assuming it is available.

Exam Structure for +2 Science Subjects

Understanding how each subject is assessed helps you plan your study and not neglect internal marks throughout the year.

Physics, Chemistry, and Biology each have 75 marks for the external written exam conducted by NEB and 25 marks for internal practical assessment conducted by your college throughout the year.

Mathematics has 100 marks entirely from the external written exam. There is no practical component.

English and Nepali each have 75 marks external written and 25 marks internal assessment.

Social Studies and Life Skills Education has 75 marks external and 25 marks internal.

Computer Science has 50 marks external written and 50 marks practical if offered.

The internal assessment marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology cover practical lab work, assignments, class tests, and attendance. Missing practical sessions or submitting poor lab reports directly reduces your 25 internal marks. Many students focus entirely on theory before exams and then lose internal marks they could easily have protected throughout the year.

What Career Options Open After +2 Science?

The career options after +2 Science depend on which group you chose.

Biology group graduates can appear for MECEE-BL entrance to study MBBS, BDS, BSc Nursing, Pharmacy, BSc Midwifery, and other health sciences programs. They can also apply for Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Science programs. Biology group graduates who want Engineering can theoretically apply for IOE but face a significant disadvantage without +2 Mathematics.

Mathematics group graduates can appear for IOE entrance to study all Engineering disciplines. They can also apply for BSc CSIT, BIT, BCA at many colleges, and Physical Sciences programs. Mathematics group graduates who want MBBS face a disadvantage in the Biology-heavy MECEE-BL entrance.

Both groups can apply for bachelor programs in Nepal and abroad after completing +2. For international study, you can read our guide on how much GPA is required to study in Australia from Nepal which covers what +2 Science qualifications mean for international university applications.

Biology Group vs Mathematics Group Which Should You Choose?

This is the single most important decision you make when joining +2 Science. It determines your entire career direction after +2.

Choose Biology group if your goal is MBBS, BDS, BSc Nursing, Pharmacy, or any health science program. The MECEE-BL entrance carries 80 marks in Biology. Without strong Biology preparation from +2, succeeding in this entrance is very difficult.

Choose Mathematics group if your goal is Engineering through IOE, Computer Science, IT, or Physical Sciences research. The IOE entrance carries 50 marks in Mathematics. Without +2 Mathematics, you cannot compete effectively in IOE entrance.

If you are genuinely unsure between medical and engineering, think honestly about which subjects you enjoy more between Biology and Mathematics. Two years of studying a subject you find interesting and manageable will produce a better result than two years of struggling with one you find difficult and uninteresting.

Final Thoughts

+2 Science in Nepal has 6 subjects in total. Three compulsory subjects are English, Nepali, and Social Studies. Three optional subjects are Physics, Chemistry, and either Biology or Mathematics. Computer Science is available as an additional optional at many colleges.

The most important decision is choosing between Biology group and Mathematics group. Biology group leads to MBBS and health sciences. Mathematics group leads to Engineering and IT. There is no right or wrong answer. There is only the answer that matches your actual career goals and genuine strengths.

Study all subjects consistently throughout the year including compulsory ones. Do not neglect practical sessions in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology because those 25 internal marks are among the easiest marks to protect with consistent effort.

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